Reunion with well-known coffins: working in the magazine of the West Bank

Just one week ago, I had the pleasure of working on coffins from the tomb of Ankh-Hor in the main magazine of the Egyptian authorities on the West Bank – we brought them there in the 2000s and I had the chance to open some boxes for the first time since 15 years. This really was exciting!

All in all, thanks to the support of our Egyptian colleagues, I spent three days of work (Oct. 1-3, 2023) in the magazine of the West Bank. The main aim was to join newly found fragments to coffins which were transported in previous years to the magazine. This was one Ptolemaic painted coffin transported in 2007, Reg. 655. One joining piece could be fitted to the inner part of the shoulder of this coffin. I also relocated several loose fragments of the lid in our magazine, but these are not matching to each other, illustrating the destruction of the lid of the coffin when looters removed by force the mummy from within.

Mohamed Mahmoud showing the match of the coffin fragment to the shoulder of Reg. 655.

I documented the complete coffin Reg. 655, owned by a Ptolemaic priest with the name of Padiaes, using infrared photography – a technique I did not use back in 2007 and which is therefore a great complementary documentation. This allowed to trace not only all the texts but also small details of the drawings of the figures. Like in 2007, I am just really thrilled by the execution of these details!

Detail of the kneeling figures of Padiaes on a new infrared photo.

Using the app Scaniverse, the coffin of Padiaes was also captured in 3D. I made one scan with the fitting face part of the coffin lid, comprising of mask and wig, and one without it. These 3D models will allow us to digitally reconstruct the complete coffin, ideally also placing the not-fitting fragments of the lid in their original position.

Screenshot of 3D model of Reg. 655.

The second coffin for which matching pieces were found in the past years is Reg. 656, the beautiful coffin of the temple singer Aset-em-Akhbit III transported to the magazine just in 2021. Our conservators joined one fitting piece to the lateral side of the lid. Reg. 656 was, like Reg. 655, scanned in 3D and documented in its new shape with our full-frame camera.

Karima Mohamed joining the two fragments of Reg. 656 together.
Documentation of the new shape of Reg. 656 after placement of the new matching fragment.

Apart from the matching of joining pieces to these two coffins, our goal for the work in the magazine was to update the documentation of the objects. I managed to study a total of 18 objects, making high-resolution photos, 3D scans and infrared photography. My personal highlight was the reunion with the inner coffin of Wakhibre, one of the rare in situ burials of the 30th Dynasty excavated in Thebes and a very special piece.

For facilitating this important work in the magazine of the West Bank, I am very thankful to Ahmed Hassan, Chief Director of the Magazines of the West Bank as well as to Ahmed Ezz, Director of the Magazine. I am grateful to our conservators Karima Mohamed and Mohamed Mahmoud for their excellent job fitting the joining pieces to Reg.655 and Reg. 656. I would also like to thank Nefisa Elazab Mohamed who functioned as an inspector during my work in the magazine and was very helpful. I hope to be back there in the next season – 3D scans and infrared photos are waiting for other objects from the tomb of Ankh-Hor!

Capturing objects from TT 414 in 3D – first stunning results

On the last day of week 2 of the 2023 season of the Ankh-Hor Project, there was much excitement! Inspired by my colleagues from the South Asasif Conservation Project, I played a bit with my newly installed app Scaniverse – a wonderful tool to capture objects in 3D. With all my experience using photogrammetry in the past years in Sudan (and some earlier trials for material from TT 414), this was a stunning exercise – Scaniverse is ultrafast, highly accurate and very easy to use. It offers new perspectives of how we document our objects from TT 414 – in addition to ordinary 2D images, now capturing the objects with metrically accurate 3D models becomes feasible with little time expenditure. Simply fantastic!

My trial piece is also a scientifically important object. This week, Mohammed and Karima cleaned and consolidated two parts of the fragmentarily preserved tomb group of an important family member of Ankh-Hor, the lady Her-Aset. We do not know the name of her husband, but his title – based on the known facts, it is very likely that she married one of Ankh-Hor brothers and was thus closely related to the original owner of TT 414. This of course explains why she was buried in TT 414 as well.

Her-Aset had a nice wooden stela as part of her funerary equipment. The larger part of this stela is now in the British Museum – see my earlier post on the conservation of this piece back in 2018.

Now in 2023, we are back working on Her-Aset’s tomb group. The first piece our conservators consolidated from this group is a fragment of the inner anthropoid coffin of Her-Aset, Reg. 536.

Unfortunately, little is left of the once beautiful inner coffin of Her-Aset. Reg. 536 is the only fragment found in TT 414.

The other object is the nicely coloured and inscribed pedestal of a Ptah-Sokar-Osiris statue of Her-Aset. Reg. 539 gives her name and title within the framework of an offering formula. Karima and Mohammed finished its consolidation (it was in a very fragile state) just today and after I took the standard 2D photos, I thought that this would be the perfect trial piece for the app mentioned above.

Screenshot of my app with the 3D model of Reg. 539.

The result is great (see also the video of Reg. 539 captured with Scaniverse on an iPhone 11 and processed with Detail Mode) – and please keep in mind that it was the first time ever I used the app and that it only took a few seconds to take the photos for this model. In addition to the ordinary photos, the shape and especially the cavities on the top side of the pedestal are now captured in a detail way and in 3D. One cavity is of course the tenon hole for the now lost funerary figure of the god Ptah-Sokar-Osiris – should we ever be able to relocate this statue in one of the museums around the world, we could join it with our 3D model 😉. The larger cavity is mummy-shaped and nicely shows that Ptah-Sokar-Osiris statuettes in the Late Period sometimes contained a package of viscera/mummification material and are closely related to corn mummies.

We will explore the application of Scaniverse to document our finds from TT 414 further and will keep you of course posted!